Despite protests from the White House, Republicans on the House Appropriations Committee advanced bills in July that would cut spending by roughly 9.5 percent on average, according to Bobby Kogan, senior director of federal budget policy at the Center for American Progress, a center-left think tank. Many programs would have seen much more dramatic cuts. The proposals would bring spending on these domestic programs to their lowest point as a share of the economy in at least 60 years, Kogan said.

As in past shutdowns, that would force some preschool and school readiness centers to close, according to the Center for American Progress, a progressive think tank. Bobby Kogan, a senior director of federal budget policy at the center, wrote in a column last week that a shutdown “would have devastating impacts on essential programs that millions rely on for their health and safety.” The longer it lasts, he wrote, the worse off those programs would be.

“It’s easy to write budget caps,” said Bobby Kogan, the senior director of federal budget policy at the left-leaning Center for American Progress and a former Senate and White House budget staffer, who analyzed the bill and provided data for some of our charts. “It’s hard to actually legislate what to cut to live within those budget caps.”